SCUTCHED FLAX

Scutched flax implies that the fibres after retting have been subjected to the process of scutching which consists of separating the fibre from the wood. In some countries this is done by merely striking the stalks with a wooden knife or flail, but where large quantities are dealt with, the flax is sent to a scutching mill. In this mill there are a number of beaters fixed to horizontal shafts revolving at a high speed which strike upon the flax. The shorter fibres of flax are removed in this treatment as waste and are used for the coarser flax products. This waste is known as " cordilla."

Flax, Broken - Scutched flax which is less than 20-in. long and therefore unfit for hackling in the spinning mill. Flax, C.D. and T. - Graders' marks which denote the type of scutched flax: c (chaine) to represent warps, D (demi) to represent medium warps, and T (trame) to represent wefts. Flax, Green, or Natural - Scutched flax produced from de-seeded straw without any intermediate treatment such as retting. Flax, Line - The hackled flax produced by a hackling machine or hand hackling. A term sometimes erroneously applied to scutched flax. Flax, Retted - Scutched flax produced from straw which has been retted. Usually divided into three main classes, namely, water retted flax, dew retted flax, and chemically retted flax. Flax, Scutched - The product from the delivery end of a scutching machine or from scutching flax straw on a wheel. It consists of the long fibre strands in a parallel condition and substantially free from wood and other extraneous material. The yield of scutched flax is commonly expressed as stones (14-lb.) per acre, but in Ireland it is sometimes expressed as stones per peck of seed sown. The average yield per acre of scutched flax has varied according to year from about 20 stones per acre to 40 stones per acre, with occasional exceptional yields of 80 and 90 stones per acre. Grader, Flax - The man who places the scutched flaxes in their appropriate grades of quality by eye judgment and feel. Grades, Flax - Tank retted flaxes are graded from A through the alphabet in ascending order of value. Dam retted flaxes are graded from 1-7 in descending order of value. Dew retted flaxes are graded 0-6 in descending order of value. Grades, Tow - Green tow is graded 1-8 and then 9a, 9b, Z, Z₂, and beater tow in descending order of value. Tank retted tow is graded I, II, III, 1, 2, 3, 3X, 3XXX, in descending order, whilst dam and dew retted tows are I, II, II, 1, 2, 3. Pluckings - The short, clean fibre produced at the end of the scutching machine where the operatives dress and square the pieces of flax ready for selection. In grading pluckings are classed as tow (q.v.). Root Ends, Straw - The broken-off roots which fall from the straw under the breaking rollers. Rug, Scutching - All the detritus which falls below the two compartments of the scutching machine after the shives have been shaken out of it, or the waste made when producing scutched flax on a wheel. It consists of partly scutched short straws, broken straws, weeds, and beater tow. It is classed as root end rug or top end rug, according to which end of the flax it comes from. Selection - The preliminary sorting of the scutched flax into main grades at the delivery end of the scutching machine. Shives - The short pieces of woody waste beaten from the straw during scutching. Tow - Any substantially clean but tossed and tangled flax fibre of less than scutched flax length. Tow Baling - The operation of making-up tow into bales. Tow, Beater - Short, fine, clean fibres which fall from the last third of the compartments during scutching. Tow, Inferior low grade (Green) - Green tow of a grade lower than 9a. Tow, Inferior low grade (Retted) - Retted tow of a grade lower than 3XXX. Tow, Machine, or Cast - Tow produced by the hackling machine. Tow, Rejected - Tow unsuitable for spinning on flax tow machinery. Tow, Rescutched - Two scutched on tow handles or a tow scutching machine. Tow, Rolled - The product from passing scutching rug through tow rollers and highspeed shaker. Tow, Rolled and Beaten - The product from passing scutching rug through tow rollers and beaters, and a high-speed shaker. The principal flax markets of the world are at Courtrai, Bruges, Ghent, Lokeren and Zele in Belgium; Rotterdam in Holland; Riga in Latvia; Leningrad, Pernau and Witebek in Russia; Douai and Flines in France; Newry, Rathfriland, Strabane, Ballymoney, Lisnaskea, Ballybay and Armagh in Ireland. Courtrai flax is the finest produced. It is uniform in fibre, strong, clean and of a good colour. Yarns up to 200's lea are spun from it. Irish flax comes next in spinning qualities from 90's to 120's lea are produced. As a warp yarn it is much preferred as the strength is greater than other types. Flemish flax is dark in colour, dryer than others, strong, and can be spun up to 120's lea. Dutch flax is clean, good colour and spins into yams up to 90's lea. Russian flax is coarser than the above types and is usually spun up to about 70's lea.

Bale Blades, Tapered - A turbine scutching machine in which the scutching blades are tapered in width in the first third of each compartment in contradistinction to the usual parallel sided blades. Blades, Tapered and Coned - A turbine scutching machine in which the blades are tapered and at the same time the first third of each scutching rotor is coned. Bunch - The aggregate of pieces which is tied up with two or more ties preparatory to baling. Conditioning - The operation of adding moisture to or abstracting moisture from straw to put it in the optimum condition for scutching. Decortication - The term sometimes applied to the scutching of unretted straw in contradistinction to retted straw. Handles - See Scutching Wheel or Handles. Piece - The small handful which is the unit of scutched flax. Scutching - The mechanical operation of separating the fibre from the woody part of the de-seeded or retted flax straw. Scutching, Automatic - See Scutching, machine or turbine or automatic. Scutching, Hand - The operation of scutching as carried out on a Belgian or Irish scutching wheel. Scutching, Machine, or Turbine, or Automatic - The operation of scutching flax entirely mechanically. Scutching Machine, Monoblade - Similar in principle to a turbine machine, but each compartment has a single steel blade on one shaft in place of multiple blades on two shafts. Scutching Machine, Turbine - A scutching outfit consisting generally of (a) prebreaking rollers to crimp the centre of the straw (b) a set of fluted breaking rollers to crimp the ends of the straw (c) a conveyor to hold the straw during processing; (d) a root end compartment where intersecting steel blades scutch the root end and middle of the flax; (e) a top end compartment where similar blades scutch the middle and top end of the flax; (f) a delivery bar where the scutched flax is piled up for removal. Scutching Wheel, or Handles - The machine on which hand scutching is done. It consists of an upright wooden or metal stock in a notch of which the broken flax straw is held and is there operated on by a number of wooden blades mounted equidistantly on a central shaft. Scutching Wheel, Belgian - A scutch wheel which usually has 12 light blades of walnut. Scutching Wheel Irish - A scutch wheel which usually has 6 blades, much heavier than those in the Belgian wheel. Strick (v.) - To divide straw from the breakers into suitable pieces and to level the ends before hand scutching.

Bart - See sheigh, etc. Beet - A bundle or sheaf of tied flax crop or straw. Boll, Flax in - The growing flax when the seed capsules have formed. Braird (n. or v.) - Flax in the seedling stage. To germinate in the field. Butt (v.) - To level the root ends of straw at any stage by vibrating it upright on a flat surface either by hand or mechanically. Crop, Flax - Flax at any stage before it is processed. A fair average flax crop would be 2 tons per acre of air dried crop, yielding 10 per cent of clean seed and 10 per cent of scutched flax. But it should be remembered that the actual long fibre content of the straw averages 20 per cent. D.N.O.C. - A proprietary spraying mixture used as a weedicide on flax. Drill, Flax - A sowing machine made primarily for sowing flax in narrow rows at an appropriate rate. Fiddle - A sowing box with a hand-worked distributor for sowing flax and other seeds broadcast. Frandy - See Sheigh, etc. Gait - A large handful of loose, pulled flax stood up on end in a cone form to dry. See also Retting. Grades - Under the Ministry of Supply home flax scheme, flax crop is graded 1, 1X, 2, 2X, 3, 3X, or for seed and tow only in descending order of quality. Lodge - A lodged crop is one bent or laid flat by the weather. Pulling - The operation of harvesting flax by pulling it from the ground. It may be hand pulled or machine pulled. Pulling Machine - Any type of harvesting machine which pulls flax by mechanical means and delivers it either loose or tied in beets (q.v.). Sheigh, Frandy, Bart, Windrow - Local names for forms of compound stocks where a number of beets are built up and usually roughly thatched as an intermediate stage between stooking and stacking. Shock, or Stook - To set up a number (usually six a side) of beets in inverted ??? form to dry. Stook - See Shock or Stook. Weeds - The chief weeds in flax and their local names are: Charlock, Carlick or Preshaugh (Brassica Sinapis); Wild Radish, White Charlock, or White Carlick (Raphanus Raphanistrum); Poppy or Redweed (Papaver Rhoeas); Knotweed, Knotgrass, or Crabgrass (Poly-gonum aviculare); Good King Henry or Fathen (Chenopodium sp.); Persicaria or Redshank ( Polygonum Persicaria); Bine or Bindweed (Convolvulus sp. or Polygonum Convolvulus.) Windrow - See sheigh, etc.

1. лён (Linum usitatissimum); 2. волокно льна; 3. льносолома; 4. льняной @American flax американский бело-цветущий лён @Archangelsk flax советский лён @baled flax затаренный в кипы трёпаный лён @Belgian flax бельгийский лён @blashed flax перемоченный лён; передержанный лён-стланец @blue flax бельгийский и фламандский лён (тёмной природной окраски) @breaked flax 1. мятый лён; 2. лён-сырец @broken flax 1. мятый лён; 2. лён-сырец; 3. трёпаный лён длиной менее 50 мм (негодный для чесания) @chaffy flax закостренный лён @chemically-retted flax химически мочёный лён @common flax лён-долгунец @cotton flax котонизированный лён @courtrai flax бельгийский лён "куртре" @cut flax льноволокно с отрезанными концевыми частями @dam-retted flax лён-моченец @deseeded flax льносолома @dew-retted flax лён-стланец @dressed flax чёсаный лён @earth flax горный лён, асбест @Egyptian flax египетский лён @Flanders flax фландрский лён @Flemish flax фламандский лён @Friesland flax фрисландский лён @green flax 1. незрелый лён; 2. декортикованный лён; 3. немочёный лён @Groningen flax гронингенский лён @hackled flax чёсаный лён @hand-dressed flax чёсанный вручную лён @heckled flax чёсаный лён @Holland flax голландский лён @Irish flax ирландский лён @line flax длинноволокнистый чёсаный лён @linseed flax масличный лён, лён-кудряш @long flax 1. лён-сырец; 2. длинноволокнистый лён @mountain flax горный лён, асбест @natural flax декортикованный лён @New Zealand flax новозеландский лён @oil flax масличный лён, лён-кудряш @over-retted flax перемоченный лён @raw flax лён-сырец @retted flax лён-моченец @rolled flax 1. мятый лён; 2. лён-сырец @rough flax 1. лён-сырец; 2. стебельчатый лён; 3. нетрёпаная льносолома @scutched flax трёпаный лён @seed flax масличный лён, лён-кудряш @steeped flax лён-моченец @swingled flax трёпаный лён @tank-retted flax лён тепловой мочки @Travancore flax лубяное волокно из индийской пеньки "сунн" @Walloon flax валлонский лён @water-retted flax лён-моченец @white-flowered flax американский белоцветущий лён @

1. лён (Linum usitatissimum); 2. волокно льна; 3. льносолома; 4. льняной @American flax американский бело-цветущий лён @Archangelsk flax советский лён @baled flax затаренный в кипы трёпаный лён @Belgian flax бельгийский лён @blashed flax перемоченный лён; передержанный лён-стланец @blue flax бельгийский и фламандский лён (тёмной природной окраски) @breaked flax 1. мятый лён; 2. лён-сырец @broken flax 1. мятый лён; 2. лён-сырец; 3. трёпаный лён длиной менее 50 мм (негодный для чесания) @chaffy flax закостренный лён @chemically-retted flax химически мочёный лён @common flax лён-долгунец @cotton flax котонизированный лён @courtrai flax бельгийский лён "куртре" @cut flax льноволокно с отрезанными концевыми частями @dam-retted flax лён-моченец @deseeded flax льносолома @dew-retted flax лён-стланец @dressed flax чёсаный лён @earth flax горный лён, асбест @Egyptian flax египетский лён @Flanders flax фландрский лён @Flemish flax фламандский лён @Friesland flax фрисландский лён @green flax 1. незрелый лён; 2. декортикованный лён; 3. немочёный лён @Groningen flax гронингенский лён @hackled flax чёсаный лён @hand-dressed flax чёсанный вручную лён @heckled flax чёсаный лён @Holland flax голландский лён @Irish flax ирландский лён @line flax длинноволокнистый чёсаный лён @linseed flax масличный лён, лён-кудряш @long flax 1. лён-сырец; 2. длинноволокнистый лён @mountain flax горный лён, асбест @natural flax декортикованный лён @New Zealand flax новозеландский лён @oil flax масличный лён, лён-кудряш @over-retted flax перемоченный лён @raw flax лён-сырец @retted flax лён-моченец @rolled flax 1. мятый лён; 2. лён-сырец @rough flax 1. лён-сырец; 2. стебельчатый лён; 3. нетрёпаная льносолома @scutched flax трёпаный лён @seed flax масличный лён, лён-кудряш @steeped flax лён-моченец @swingled flax трёпаный лён @tank-retted flax лён тепловой мочки @Travancore flax лубяное волокно из индийской пеньки "сунн" @Walloon flax валлонский лён @water-retted flax лён-моченец @white-flowered flax американский белоцветущий лён @

Trade term in Russia for a grade of carefully cultivated, rented and scutched flax.

1. очёсы, очёски; кудель; 2. буксирный канат; 3. жгут волокна @tow of filaments жгут элементарного волокна @tow of head ends кудель от прочёса головок стеблей, вершинная кудель @tow of root ends кудель от прочёса комлевых концов, комлевая кудель @tow of staple штапельная лента @carded tow прочёсанная кудель @crimped tow жгут извитого волокна (для штапелирования) @fine tow очёсы длинноволокнистого льна (высшего качества) @flax tow льняные очёсы; льняная кудель @flax beaten tow короткое льняное волокно; трёпаная кудель @flax cast tow льняные очёсы @flax rejected tow пакля (волокно, непригодное для прядения) @flax rescutched tow дважды трёпанная кудель @flax rolled tow короткое льняное волокно (с куделеприготовительной машины); кудель @flax rolled and beaten tow трёпаное короткое льняное волокно; трёпаная кудель, пропущенная через трясилку @greased tow эмульгированные или замасленные очёсы лубяных волокон @hackling tow льняные очёсы @heavy tow жгут высокого титра @hemp tow пеньковая пакля @jute tow джутовая пакля @machine tow очёсы с льночесальной машины @rayon tow 1. жгут искусственного шёлка (для штапелирования); 2. штапельная лента @rescutched tow дважды трёпанная кудель @rug tow грубая льняная кудель (с первого трепала) @scutched flax tow трёпаная льняная кудель @scutching tow кудель с трепальной машины @swing tow 1. кудель с трепальной машины; 2. заводская пакля @swingling tow 1. кудель с трепальной машины; 2. заводская пакля @

1. очёсы, очёски; кудель; 2. буксирный канат; 3. жгут волокна @tow of filaments жгут элементарного волокна @tow of head ends кудель от прочёса головок стеблей, вершинная кудель @tow of root ends кудель от прочёса комлевых концов, комлевая кудель @tow of staple штапельная лента @carded tow прочёсанная кудель @crimped tow жгут извитого волокна (для штапелирования) @fine tow очёсы длинноволокнистого льна (высшего качества) @flax tow льняные очёсы; льняная кудель @flax beaten tow короткое льняное волокно; трёпаная кудель @flax cast tow льняные очёсы @flax rejected tow пакля (волокно, непригодное для прядения) @flax rescutched tow дважды трёпанная кудель @flax rolled tow короткое льняное волокно (с куделеприготовительной машины); кудель @flax rolled and beaten tow трёпаное короткое льняное волокно; трёпаная кудель, пропущенная через трясилку @greased tow эмульгированные или замасленные очёсы лубяных волокон @hackling tow льняные очёсы @heavy tow жгут высокого титра @hemp tow пеньковая пакля @jute tow джутовая пакля @machine tow очёсы с льночесальной машины @rayon tow 1. жгут искусственного шёлка (для штапелирования); 2. штапельная лента @rescutched tow дважды трёпанная кудель @rug tow грубая льняная кудель (с первого трепала) @scutched flax tow трёпаная льняная кудель @scutching tow кудель с трепальной машины @swing tow 1. кудель с трепальной машины; 2. заводская пакля @swingling tow 1. кудель с трепальной машины; 2. заводская пакля @

Broken and matted fibre removed from flax during the processes of separating the line. It is used for tow yarn, twines and coarse lining fabrics for cars, upholstery, etc. The material at the disposal of the tow spinner consists of scutching tow and codillas produced in the scutching of the flax straw, and roughers', hand-dressers', machine and sorters' tow produced in the hackling of the scutched flax.

A strick of flax which is tightly tied and weighs a seventh part of a stone. Strick means a scutcher's handful and 8 stricks or handfuls form a stone of scutched flax.